从零到一：GitHub Actions + Caddy 全自动部署动态网站实战

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开发者本地 (Local)
↓ [git push]
GitHub 仓库 (Repository)
↓ [触发]
GitHub Actions (CI/CD 管道)
↓ [构建、测试、同步、远程执行命令]
阿里云服务器 (Alibaba Cloud ECS)
↓ [Caddy 反向代理 + HTTPS]
用户访问 (HTTPS Dynamic Website)

# 更新系统
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# 安装 Node.js（示例使用 Node 20）
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_24.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt install -y nodejs

# 安装 PM2（进程管理，用于保持应用运行）
sudo npm install -g pm2

# 安装 Caddy（作为反向代理和 HTTPS 终端）
sudo apt install caddy

# 创建应用目录
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/my-dynamic-app
# 注意：请务必将 `caddy` 用户替换为你的实际用户名
sudo chown -R caddy:caddy /var/www/my-site
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/my-dynamic-app

sudo nano /etc/caddy/Caddyfile

example.com, www.example.com {
    # 反向代理到本地的 Node.js 应用
    reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:3000
    # 启用压缩
    encode gzip zstd
}

sudo caddy validate --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
sudo systemctl restart caddy
sudo systemctl status caddy

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_github_actions_dynamic -N ""

name: Deploy Dynamic App to Production

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  ci:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}

    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
        node: [24]

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v6

      - name: Install pnpm
        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4

      - name: Install node
        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
          cache: pnpm

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: pnpm install

      - name: Lint
        run: pnpm run lint

      - name: Build
        run: pnpm run build

      - name: Deploy to Server via Rsync
        uses: burnett01/rsync-deployments@7.0.1
        with:
          switches: -avz --delete # 递归、压缩、同步删除
          path: .output/ # 👈 Nuxt 的文件输出目录
          remote_path: /var/www/my-site/ # 👈 服务器上的目标目录
          remote_host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }} # 服务器 IP
          remote_user: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }} # 登录用户名
          remote_key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} # SSH 私钥

      - name: Start/Reload Node.js service
        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.0
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }}
          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
          script: |
            echo "🚀 启动 Node.js SSR 服务..."
            cd /var/www/my-site
            
            # 启动或重启 Nuxt 应用
            if pm2 describe nuxt-app > /dev/null 2>&1; then
              echo "🔄 重启现有应用..."
              pm2 reload nuxt-app
            else
              echo "🚀 启动新应用..."
              pm2 start server/index.mjs --name "nuxt-app" \
                --log /var/log/nuxt-app.log \
                --error /var/log/nuxt-app-error.log \
                --output /var/log/nuxt-app-out.log \
                --time
              
              # 保存 PM2 配置以便开机自启
              pm2 save
            fi
            
            echo "✅ 服务启动完成"
            pm2 status nuxt-app

git add .github/workflows/deploy.yml
git commit -m “feat: 添加动态网站自动化部署”
git push origin main

# 在服务器上
cd /var/www/my-dynamic-app
nano .env
# 填入你的环境变量

- name: Deploy to Server via SSH
  uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
  with:
    ...
    script: |
      cd /var/www/my-dynamic-app
      git pull origin main
      npm ci --only=production
      npx sequelize db:migrate  # 迁移数据库
      pm2 restart my-app

# 查看应用日志（PM2）
pm2 logs my-app

# 查看 Caddy 日志
sudo journalctl -u caddy -f

# 查看系统日志
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog